Explorations for Fun

A collection of work ranging from rigorous academic research in safety-critical control to self-directed experiments in evolutionary robotics and generative art.

ImpastODE: Generative Art


  • Procedurally generated Impasto-style paintings using vector fields derived from Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) inspired from Van Gogh's style!

  • Simulated the physics of thick paint texture and brush stroke dynamics to create organic, non-deterministic visuals.

  • Implemented custom color mixing algorithms to mimic real-world pigment blending and lighting effects.

GMM ODE Linear Systems Python

Black Hole Raytracer: Raytracer


  • Simulated photon trajectories around a Schwarzschild black hole by solving the Eikonal equation with a custom "Effective Refractive Index".

  • Implemented a fast Ray-Tracing engine using spline-based path caching to render 3D gravitational lensing effects in real-time.

  • Modeled the optical distortion of a rotating accretion disk, demonstrating how extreme gravity warps light like a glass lens.

General Relativity Ray Tracing PyTorch

Drone-Pole stabilization using LQR


  • Simulated a Bicopter-Pole system (inverted pendulum on a 2D drone) from scratch using rigid-body dynamics in Python.

  • Designed a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to stabilize the inherently unstable system linearized about the desired equilibrium point.

  • Implemented a Genetic Algorithm to automatically "evolve" the optimal Q and R control matrices, discovering robust balancing strategies without manual tuning.

Control Theory LQR Genetic Algorithms

Stewart Platform: Robust Stabilization


  • Developed a full physics simulation for a 2-DOF Ball-and-Plate system using custom Euler integration state-space models.

  • Conducted a comparative study between Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for optimal energy use and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for robust disturbance rejection.

  • Implemented a real-time 3-pane dashboard to visualize circular trajectory tracking, control effort, and position error dynamics.

SMC & LQR Non-Linear Control MATLAB

Event Horizon: Event-Based Control


  • Implemented Event-Triggered Control (ETC) to drastically reduce computational load by updating control signals only when error thresholds are breached.

  • Utilized Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to simultaneously tune PID gains and discover the optimal event-triggering threshold.

  • Created a Pygame simulation to visualize the trade-off between control frequency and path-following accuracy.

Particle Swarm Optimization PID Event Triggered